Manufacturers aggressively promote the benefits of chromium in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its associated conditions (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease), and the public has embraced its use. However, the effect of chromium supplementation in individuals who are not severely chromium deficient is unclear. Severe chromium deficiency is known to cause reversible insulin resistance and diabetes ( 6– 8). Chromium picolinate is a formulation designed to improve absorption ( 5). Chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, and chromium picolinate are commonly used formulations of trivalent chromium. It was originally discovered in brewer's yeast ( 4). Trivalent chromium in a complex known as glucose tolerance factor is considered the biologically active form. However, future studies that address the limitations in the current evidence are needed before definitive claims can be made about the effect of chromium supplementation.Ĭhromium is an essential mineral that is thought to be necessary for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis ( 1– 3). Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes. The evidence was limited by poor study quality, heterogeneity in methodology and results, and a lack of consensus on assessment of chromium status.ĬONCLUSIONS-No significant effect of chromium on lipid or glucose metabolism was found in people without diabetes. Larger effects were more commonly observed in poor-quality studies. There were some indications of dose effect and differences among chromium formulations. There was no benefit in individuals without diabetes. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by −0.6% (95% CI −0.9 to −0.2) and fasting glucose by −1.0 mmol/l (−1.4 to −0.5) but not lipids. RESULTS-Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Meta-analyses were performed as appropriate. All trials with glucose metabolism outcomes and trials of individuals with diabetes or glucose intolerance for lipid outcomes were included. Eligible studies were English language randomized controlled trials of chromium supplement intake ≥3 weeks, with ≥10 participants receiving chromium. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. Rock and roll, newfound love, and a twist of faith lead to a Jesus Revolution that turns one counterculture movement into a revival that changes the world.OBJECTIVE-A systematic review of the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid levels. What unfolds becomes the greatest spiritual awakening in American history. Inadvertently, Laurie meets Lonnie Frisbee (Jonathan Roumie), a charismatic hippie-street-preacher, and Pastor Chuck Smith (Kelsey Grammer) who have thrown open the doors of Smith’s languishing church to a stream of wandering youth. Laurie and a sea of young people descend on sunny Southern California to redefine truth through all means of liberation. Inspired by a true movement, Jesus Revolution tells the story of a young Greg Laurie (Joel Courtney) being raised by his struggling mother, Charlene (Kimberly Williams-Paisley) in the 1970s. Jesus Revolution is the story of one young hippie’s quest in the 1970s for belonging and liberation that leads not only to peace, love, and rock and roll, but that sets into motion a new counterculture crusade-a Jesus Movement-changing the course of history.
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